What causes lactic acid buildup during exercise?

Lactic acid buildup during exercise is primarily caused by insufficient oxygen for energy production. During intense physical activity, especially when the body engages in anaerobic respiration due to high demand for energy and rapid muscle contraction, the available oxygen becomes limited. When muscles are unable to obtain enough oxygen, they resort to anaerobic glycolysis to generate energy. This process leads to the conversion of glucose into energy and results in the production of lactic acid as a byproduct.

As lactic acid accumulates in the muscles, it can contribute to muscle fatigue and discomfort. Understanding this physiological response emphasizes the importance of proper training and conditioning, enabling athletes to improve their aerobic capacity and delay the onset of lactic acid buildup during high-intensity activities.