Which of the following is NOT a long-term benefit of regular cardiovascular exercise?

The correct answer is that increased maximum heart rate is not a long-term benefit of regular cardiovascular exercise. In fact, one of the physiological adaptations to consistent cardiovascular training is a decrease in the maximum heart rate. This adjustment occurs as the heart becomes more efficient and can pump blood more effectively, allowing for improved performance without needing to reach a higher maximum heart rate.

On the other hand, the other choices reflect positive long-term adaptations associated with regular cardiovascular exercise. A lower resting heart rate indicates that the heart is working more efficiently since it can pump more blood with each beat, resulting in fewer beats required during rest. Increased cardiac output refers to the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, which typically improves with consistent cardiovascular training, as the heart becomes stronger and more effective. Improved blood circulation enhances oxygen and nutrient delivery throughout the body, contributing to better overall health and increased endurance. These benefits are all measurable and indicative of enhanced cardiovascular health resulting from regular exercise.