Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are the primary site for ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production through the process of cellular respiration. ATP is the energy currency of the cell, and it is crucial for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and biosynthesis of macromolecules. Mitochondria convert nutrients into energy, making them essential for the survival and proper functioning of cells. This energy generation process primarily occurs through the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids, highlighting the mitochondria's role in energy metabolism. Their structure, which includes multiple membranes, allows for various reactions to occur, facilitating efficient energy production.

In contrast, other organelles have different primary functions: the nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the endoplasmic reticulum plays roles in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids. Therefore, the unique function of the mitochondria in energy production firmly establishes their title as the powerhouse of the cell.